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LIFE
Roses store up brilliant displays for autumn
Peter Kukielski is a rose fancier with a special fondness for late bloomers -- the re-flowering kind that save their best and brightest displays for the invigorating weather of autumn.
As curator of the Peggy Rockefeller Rose Garden and Rose Collections at The New York Botanical Garden, Kukielski has helped replace a few hundred less impressive performers with 2,000 new rose plants, many capable of producing constant color from early June until the first killing frosts of fall.
"We tried to bring in more ever-blooming varieties so the garden has interest all season long," Kukielski said. "In my opinion, late September into October is a very close second to June as far as beauty. The days are nicer, the nights are cooler and the sunlight is better, coating everything with a golden glow."
Summer is hard on roses, which require a lot of energy to flower.
"It's hot, humid and exhausting," Kukielski said. "Roses have their fabulous spring, shut down a bit in summer and then display another burst of glorious color in the fall when they're less stressed."
Many rose growers encourage a flush of intense flowering in autumn primarily by deadheading -- removing spent flowers from the bush to keep it producing longer.
"You have to deadhead to get more blooms," Kukielski said. "Whatever you cut off, you'll get right back."
Roses store up energy during the long growing season, which makes their blooms especially showy in autumn, said Keith Zary, vice president of research and a rose hybridizer with Jackson & Perkins Wholesale Inc., which ships 3 million roses and other plants to growers each year.
"It occurs with a rush of luxuriousness and exuberance in fall that's better than in the spring," he says. "Deadheading produces more growing centers for more flowers."
Of the many major rose classifications, all but the Heritage (also called Old Garden, Antique, Heirloom -- anything developed before 1867) and Species (or wild) roses are re-bloomers. Although they only flower once per season, both types are extremely hardy, drought tolerant and pest resistant. They bloom long and large and are highly aromatic.
"They can fragrance a yard," Kukielski said.
Here are some of the most popular repeat blooming roses:
- Hybrid tea: the most widely grown garden rose. Characterized by a single, high center bloom attached to the end of a long cane. Showcase looks and perfume-like aromas make this the favored cutting rose. It produces flowers throughout the season. Hardy from USDA Zones 5-9 if protected with some wintertime cover.
- Floribunda: shrubs with smaller hybrid-tea-like flowers that tend to bloom in clusters, making a big splash in the landscape. A strong rose type. Zones 4-9.
- Grandiflora: blend of hybrid teas and floribundas. Some plants display single-bloom stems while others produce in clusters. Tall and energetic. Good in Zones 5-9.
- Miniatures: the smallest rose variety in bush size, blooms and foliage. A great container plant and highly decorative when massed in borders or hedges. Zones 5-9.
- Mini-Flora: a new type, classified by the American Rose Society in 1999. Flowers are too large to be miniatures, too small to rank as hybrid teas or floribundas. Zones 5-9.
- Climbers: characterized by long, stiff canes that can be trained to grow over and through arbors, trellises and fences. They have no tendrils, however, and must be secured to supports. They bloom singly or in clusters. Zones 5-9.
- Landscape: Can grow upright (like the Knockouts) or spread as low ground cover (similar to the Flower Carpet series). A combination of both types will cover large areas when fully mature, which takes several growing seasons. Many new varieties are being introduced, all extremely hardy. Zones 4-9.
Landscape or shrub roses can be used effectively for erosion control and will produce color even when planted in filtered sun. Shrub roses are a great, easy-care choice for inexperienced gardeners.
"They're disease resistant, have high heat and humidity tolerance. Really good performers," said Rod Thorpe, chief executive officer of Anthony Tesselaar International in Silvan, Australia. "Ironically, as a byproduct, they seem to be performing even better in the fall."
Roses have become more popular over the past several years as consumers have come to realize how tough many of them are, Thorpe said.
"If you get them in before the onset of summer, they're as drought tolerant as anything you can come up with. They are really capable of continuing (to bloom) all year in warm climates, although they should get a short break so they can generate some vegetative growth instead of flowers."
By DEAN FOSDICK
For The Associated Press
NEW MARKET, Va. -- If you've ever strayed into a spat between flower growers, chances are it was about roses.
"Queens of the garden," puffs a supporter.
"Demanding divas," huffs a detractor.
There are few wider attitudinal divides in gardening.
I didn't have a single rose on my property as recently as three years ago, and that was emphatically by choice. I considered them too much work.
Now I have dozens of the ever-blooming varieties thriving in sun and partial shade, performing brilliantly on a hillside for erosion control, bidding a cheerful welcome along a quiet country lane and enhancing the looks of a split rail fence.
I became a believer after being invited to try out a few members of the Knockout family, one of the hardy new shrubs beginning to dominate the rose market. Later arrivals included several Flower Carpet selections -- durable, low-growing bushes with glossy green foliage. The upright Knockouts and the aptly named Flower Carpets provide stunning, blossom-bedecked groupings when intermingled.
There was nothing especially challenging about growing these robust perennials, even for a rose rookie like me.
Every bare-root bush was producing color within five to six weeks. It was simply a matter of watering deeply and frequently until they became established. Beyond that, they need pruning only once a year, a single feeding in the spring and timely soakings with a garden hose.
What demanding divas? Count me among the converted.
Now the rose hybridizers are making things even more appealing for the many gardeners designing their yards around the low maintenance plants.
"Over the next few seasons, we will be doing a great body of work on the genetics of roses that are proving particularly drought tolerant," said Rod Thorpe, chief executive officer for Anthony Tesselaar International, based in Silvan, Australia.
"There's been an increasing impact from drought -- particularly across much of Australia, the south of France and in the American Southeast and Southwest," Thorpe said. "We see drought tolerance as a trait that's becoming more and more important for roses, which traditionally have been thirsty plants."
Some of the newer, re-blooming varieties also are displaying good salt endurance, he said. "We've been planting them on banks beside roads that have been regularly salted. Other roses have not survived, but the Flower Carpet has made it."
An enticing aroma is one of a rose's most desirable qualities, but not all varieties are able to produce it.
"Up to now, fragrant roses were not very disease hardy," Thorpe said. "We very well may be coming up with a solution to that."
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